ABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer [PC] is classified as one of the most deadly cancers. Since the role of diet in modifying the effects of known risk factors of PC has been well established, exploring the dietary intakes in relation to the etiology of PC can be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of the disease progression
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted within the Golestan prospective cohort study. The estimated intake of total fat and various dietary fat sources was calculated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The relationship between these dietary intakes and risk of PC was examined using Cox Regression and hazard ratio [HR] with 95% confidence interval [CI 95%] was reported
Results: During 383,630 person-years follow-up and after excluding subjects with incomplete baseline information, a total of 48,676 adults were studied. Until October 30, 2014, 54 cases of PC were confirmed by medical professionals, based on the medical records and the exact cause of death using the criteria of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10 [ICD10]. After adjusting for potential confounders we did not observe any statistically significant relationship between the intake of total fat and various dietary fat sources and risk of PC. There was only a significant positive association between the risk of PC and daily intake of butter, cream, and solid vegetable oil in the age-adjusted regression models [HR=2.10; 95% CI=1.04-4.21; P for trend=0.03]. However, this relationship was not remained significant anymore in the fully adjusted models
Conclusion: Based on the results of the current research, after taking into account all of the potential confounding factors, dietary intake of total fat as well as various dietary fat sources had no significant association with the risk of PC. However, it is likely that consuming substantially less saturated and trans fat sources such as dairy fats as well as solid vegetable oils may be beneficial to reduce the risk of this cancer
ABSTRACT
Background: pancreatic cancer [PC] is classed as the 7th leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Previous evidence indicates that hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity are implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Thus, evaluation of the dietary intakes in the etiology of PC can be useful to identify the risk factors of the disease
Materials and Methods: we examined the association between total intake of fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber and the risk of PC in 50,045 participants aged 40-75 years within the Golestan Cohort Study. Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, which was administered at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval
Results: during 383,630 person-years of follow-up and after excluding the participants with incomplete baseline information, a total of 48,676 adults were evaluated. Until October 30, 2014, 54 cases of PC were confirmed based on the exact cause of death using ICD10 criteria. After considering all potential confounding factors, there was only a statistically significant inverse association between the risk of PC for the highest tertile of daily fiber intake compared with the lowest tertile [HR=0.41; 95% CI= 0.15-1.05; P for trend= 0.05]. However, the relationship between fruits and vegetables and PC risk was not statistically significant
Conclusion: in summary, based on the findings of this study, increased dietary fiber may reduce the risk of PC. This result highlights the importance of a diet rich in fiber in order to prevent PC progression. Finally, given the limited number of studies in this field and inconclusive results, there is still a need for new prospective studies with long follow-up
ABSTRACT
Background: Infections attributed to Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] involve almost half of the world's population. One of the effects is auto-antibody induction and cross-reaction with numerous proteins in the body. As a result of its widespread prevalence and importance, this study evaluates the associations between H. pylori and thyroid auto-antibodies
Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 100 patients who were candidates for gastroesophageal endoscopy that referred to the Yazd Gastrointestinal Clinic. Patients underwent the following laboratory analyses: urease test, anti-H. pylori [IgG], TSH, T4, T3 and thyroid auto-antibodies [anti-thyroglobulin, anti-thyroid peroxides] Patients were divided into two groups of H. pylori positive and negative according to the results of the anti-H. pylori IgG and urease tests. The level of thyroid auto-antibodies and thyroid function tests were compared between groups. Data were analyzed with chi-square and t-tests. SPSS software version 17 was used for data analysis
Results: Overall, 61 % of patients were H. pylori positive. The mean anti-Thyroid peroxidase level in the H. pylori positive group was significantly more than the negative group [p<0.01]. In addition, 19.7% of H, pylori positive patients and 5.1% of H. pylori negative patients had positive anti-TPO levels, which the difference between both groups was significant [p<0.04]. There was no significant difference in thyroid fimction between the two groups
Conclusion: Although no significant difference in thyroid function was seen in the two groups more patients tested positive for anti-TPO levels in the H. pylori positive group, which was suggestive of thyroid auto-antibody induction by H. pylori
ABSTRACT
Background: Pancreatic cancer [PC] is ranked as the 7th leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is one of the most deadly cancers. Several lines of evidence indicate that insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity are implicated in its carcinogenesis
Materials and Methods: We examined the association between the consumption of carbohydrate foods and risk of PC in 50,045 participants [21241 men and 28804 women aged 40 to 75 years] of the Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran. Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval
Results: During 8.5 years [383,630 person-years] of follow-up and after excluding participants with incomplete data, a total of 48,676 adults [20,683 men and 27,993 women] were studied. Until October 30, 2014, 54 cases of pancreatic cancer were confirmed by a medical team, based on the medical records and the exact cause of death according to ICD10 criteria. After adjusting for age, total energy intake, history of diabetes, smoking status, education, opium consumption, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, ethnicity, sex, the metabolic equivalent of task [MET], residential area, and socioeconomic status, we did not observe any statistically significant relationship between consumption of total carbohydrate and carbohydrate foods including whole grains, refined grains, sugars, and potatoes and risk of PC
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, dietary intake of total carbohydrate as well as various carbohydrate food sources had no significant association with the risk of PC. Finally, given the limited number of studies in this field and their inconclusive results, there is still a need for new prospective studies with long follow-up
ABSTRACT
Gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD] is a common gastrointestinal disease. Although, the prevalence of GERD is high, has an adverse impact on the quality of life and there was a relationship between GERD and peptic stricture, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, that is increasing recently, there is limited information and conflicting data for risk factors of GERD. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and the potential risk factors of GERD in Gonbad city [Northern Iran]. A total of 1016 randomly selected subjects aged 18-40 years, were invited to the study. Face to face interview was performed for 1000 participants. Cardinal symptoms of GERD [heartburn and/or regurgitation], frequency and severity asked. Subjects who reported heartburn and/or regurgitation, at least once a week, during the last 12 months were defined as GERD patients and controls were persons without any compliant of those symptoms. Dietary intake was assessed using a local validated Block 116 food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence for weekly GERD was 12.3%. Increasing Age [OR: 1.04, 95% CI: [1.00-1.07]], BMI